ROMAN COIN HOARD

260

The pottery vessel by R M A Trevarthen (AIfA) & C A Hayward TrevarthenThe hoarded coins were contained within the plough-truncated remains of a thin-walled WA Type 3 Black Burnished Ware jar (cf. Seager Smith & Davis 1993) c.60mm high, with a moderately flaring rim of a similar diameter to the maximum body girth (c.40mm), and made in characteristic Wareham/Poole Harbour reduced, quartz sand-rich fabric. The jar had been laid on its side at deposition (shielding the top from plough damage), allowing its full profile and dimensions to be recovered.The flat base is c.70mm in diameter and the lower body is 'wiped' externally. There is a c.20-25mm wide band of shallow-burnished obtuse lattice decoration low on the shoulder, directly above a slight carination that marks the maximum body girth. Above the lattice the upper shoulder, a slight girth groove at the junction of the rim and parts of the external rim are laterally burnished, and the interior of the rim is similarly burnished to a point just below the internal neck constriction. The extent of any pre-depositional wear cannot be determined without further cleaning of the sherds, although it is possible that part of the rim was absent at deposition.Much of the interior of the jar is encrusted with pale yellow-grey silt, possibly weakly cemented with redeposited copper products. This silt preserves a number of coin impressions and also some traces of what appears to be fibrous vegetable matter - possibly grass or straw.[1] Slight finger-wiping marks are visible at the internal junction with the base.ReferencesSeager Smith, R. & Davis, S.M., 1993, Roman Pottery, in Woodward, P.J., Davis, S.M. & Hunt, A.H. Excavations at the Old Methodist Chapel and Greyhound Yard, Dorchester, 1981-1984. Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society Monograph 12, 202-214.DispositionPhoto of the rare Gallienus (5th series) denarius on BM images database, images of the excavation of the pot together with the discussion on the archaeological background are published in the excavation report by R M A Trevarthen: reference RMATAS 2015/1001.1.SummaryThe coins from the hoard were initially analysed by their position within the pottery vessel, but this showed no significant pattern: Reign Basal third of pot Middle third Top third Topsoil Total Central empire Joint reign of Valerian & Gallienus (AD 253-60) Salonina 1 - - - 1 Sole reign of Gallienus (AD 260-8) Gallienus 44 37 11 6 98 Salonina 1 1 1 1 4 Claudius II (AD 268-70) 33 40 8 9 90 Divus Claudius II (AD 270) 3 9 3 - 15 Quintillus (AD 270) 1 1 - - 2 Aurelian (AD 270-5) 6 1 - - 7 Tacitus (AD 275-6) 4 - 1 - 5 Florian (AD 276) - - - 1 1 Probus (AD 276-82) 8 - 1 - 9 Joint reign of Diocletian & Maximian (AD 285-93) Maximian 1 - - - 1 Gallic empire Postumus (AD 260-9) 7 1 2 2 12 Victorinus (AD 269-71) 49 39 15 22 125 Tetricus I (AD 271-4) 98 77 31 29 235 Tetricus II 37 33 16 17 103 Uncertain Gallic emperor - - - 5 5 Irregular copies 18 9 4 - 31 Illegible - - - 8 8 Total 311 248 91 100 752 CATALOGUECENTRAL EMPIREVALERIAN & GALLIENUS (1)Rome (1)First series (1): SALONINA AVG No. Reverse Bust RIC Cu. Qty IVNO REGINA (Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre) E2 29 651 1 GALLIENUS (sole reign) (102)Rome (97)Series 2 (4): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 2. PAX AVG (Pax stg l., holding branch and sceptre) A1 - (V)//- 256 971 1 3. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus / Mars stg l. holding globe and spear) A1 - P//- 317 921 1 4. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus / Mars stg l. holding globe and spear) B1 - P//- 317 923 2 Series 3 (9): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 5. PAX AVG (Pax stg l., holding branch and sceptre) B1 T -//- 256 1041 1 6. PROVID AVG (Providentia stg l. holding globe and sceptre) A1 - -//- cf.270 1017 1 7. LAETITIA AVG (Laetitia stg l., holding wreath and anchor) A1 - V//- 226 1073 1 8. LAETITIA AVG (Laetitia stg l., holding wreath and anchor) A1 - -//- cf.226 1078 5 9. SECVRIT AVG (Securitas stg. l., with hand on head, leaning on column with legs crossed) B1 - -//- 277 1099 1 Series 4 (1): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 10. FORTVNA REDVX (Fortuna std. l., holding rudder and cornucopia) A1 - -//- cf.194a 1124 1 Series 5 (40): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 11. MARTI PACIFERO (Mars stg l., holding branch and spear, with shield at side) A1 A -//- 236 1149 3 12. ABVNDANTIA AVG (Abundantia stg l., emptying cornucopia with both hands) A1 B -//- 157 1159 2 13. ABVNDANTIA AVG (Abundantia stg l., emptying cornucopia with both hands) A1 - -//- cf.157 1167 2 14. AETERNITAS AVG (Sol stg l., raising hand and holding globe) A1 - Γ//- 160 1169 2 15. VBERITAS AVG (Uberitas stg l., holding purse and cornucopia) A1 - ε//- 287var 1200 8[2] 16. FORTVNA REDVX (Fortuna stg l., holding rudder and cornucopia) A1 - ς//- cf.193 1215 6 17. FORTVNA REDVX (Fortuna stg l., holding rudder and cornucopia) B1 - ς//- cf.193 1216 1 18. FORTVNA REDVX (Fortuna stg l., holding rudder and cornucopia) A1 - ?//- cf.193 1221 1 19. ORIENS AVG (Sol adv. l., raising hand and holding globe) A1 Z -//- 249 1230 4 20. FIDES MILITVM (Fides stg l., holding standard and sceptre) A1 - N//- 192a 1261 1 21. FIDES MILITVM (Fides stg l., holding standard and sceptre) A1 - -//- 192a 1266 1 22. VICTO[RIA AET] (Victory stg l., holding wreath and palm) A1 Z[3] -//- cf.297 1240 1 23. SECVRIT PERPET (Securitas leaning l. on column, and holding sceptre) A1 - H//- 280 1246 1 24. SECVRIT PERPET (Securitas leaning l. on column, and holding sceptre) B1 - H//- 280 1247 1 25. SECVRIT PERPET (Securitas leaning l. on column, and holding sceptre) A1 - -//- cf.280 1258 1 26. IOVI C[ONSERVAT] (Jupiter standing l., holding thunderbolt and sceptre) A1 N -//- 210 1269 1 27. PROVID AVG (Providentia standing l., pointing with wand and holding cornucopia) A1 - X//- 267 1275 3 28. VIRTVS AVGVSTI (Virtus stepping on helmet l., holding branch and spear) A1 X -//- 330var 1278 1 Series 5 cont. (1): IMP GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 29. PAX AETERNA AVG (Pax stg l., holding branch and sceptre) A1 Δ -//- cf.253 1182 1 Series 5 (4): SALONINA AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 30. FECVNDITAS AVG (Fecunditas stg l., placing hand on child and holding cornucopia) E2 - Δ//- 5 1318 4 Series 5 denarius (1): IMP GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 31. AETERNITAS AVG (Sol stg l., raising hand and holding globe) A1 - -//- 348corr -[4] 1 Series 6 (37): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 32. SOLI CONS AVG (Pegasus r.) A1 - -//A 283 1337 4 33. LIBERO[●]P[●]CONS AVG (Tigress l.) A1 - -//B 230 1341 4 34. DIANAE CONS AVG (Antelope l.) A1 - -//Γ cf.181 1344-5 6 35. DIANAE CONS AVG (Antelope l.) A1 - -//[ ] cf.181 cf.1344-5 2 36. DIANAE CONS AVG (Antelope r.) A1 - -//[ ] cf.181 cf.1347 1 37. HERCVLI [CONS AVG] (Boar r.) A1 - -//? 202 cf.1367 1 38. IOVI CONS AVG (Goat l.) A1 - -//ς 207 1368 1 39. IOVI CONS AVG (Goat r.) A1 - -//ς 207 1375 2 40. APOLLINI CONS AVG (Centaur r.) A1 - -//Z 163 1378 4 41. NEPTVNO CONS AVG (Hippocamp r.) A1 - -//N 245 1392 3 42. DIANAE CONS AVG (Stag l.) A1 - -//X 179 1397-8 1 43. DIANAE CONS AVG (Stag l.) A1 - -//? 179 cf.1397-8 1 44. DIANAE CONS AVG (Gazelle r.) A1 - -//XI 181 1401 2 45. DIANAE CONS AVG (Gazelle l.) A1 - -//XII 181 1408 2 46. DIANAE CONS AVG (Gazelle l.) B1 - -//XII 181 1410 1 47. DIANAE CONS AVG (uncertain animal) A1 - -//? ? 1417 2 Milan (3)Series 6 (1): IMP GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 48. P M TR P VII COS (Emperor stg l. holding patera over altar and a sceptre. A1 - -//- 460 1689 1 Series 5 (1): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 49. PIETAS AVG (Pietas stg l. holding out both arms in prayer; altar l.) A1 - ?//? 507 cf.1655-6 1 Series 8 (1): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 50. BON[●]EVEN AVG (Bonus Eventus stg l., holding patera and corn-ears; altar l.) A1 - -//MT cf.470 1780/2 1 Siscia (2)Series 3 (1): GALLIENVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Cu. Qty 51. PAX AVG (Pax stg l., holding branch and transverse sceptre) A1 - -//- 575 1821 1 52. PROVI AVG (Providentia stg l., holding wand over globe and cornucopia) A1 - -//- 580 1823 1 CLAUDIUS II (90)Rome (71)Series 2 (24): IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby Qty 53. LIBERALITAS AVG (Liberalitas stg l., holding up coin-scoop and holding cornucopia. A1 - -//- 57 598 1 54. LIBERALITAS AVG (Liberalitas stg l., holding up coin-scoop and holding cornucopia. B1 - -//- 57 599 1 55. P M TR P [II COS P P] (Emperor stg l. holding branch and short sceptre) B1 - -//- cf.10 cf.603 1 56. SALVS AVG (Salus stg l. feeding snake rising from altar and holding sceptre) Z - -//- 98 609 3 57. SALVS AVG (Salus stg l. feeding snake rising from altar and holding sceptre) B1 - -//- 98 606 1 58. SPES PVBLICA (Spes adv. l., holding up flower and hitching skirt) Z - -//- 102 614 1 59. FELICITAS AVG (Felicitas stg l., holding long caduceus and cornucopia) A1 - B//- cf.32 628 1 60. GENIVS AVG (Genius stg l., holding patera and cornucopia; altar l.) B1 - Γ//- 45 634 1 61. ANNONA AVG (Annona stg l., holding corn-ears over prow and holding cornucopia) B1 - -//- 18 637 2 62. ANNONA AVG (Annona stg l., holding corn-ears over prow and holding cornucopia) B1 - Δ//- 18 641 1 63. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus stg l., holding branch and spear) B1 - -//- 109 643 1 64. GENIVS EXERCI (Genius stg l., holding patera and cornucopia) A1 - -//- 48 658 1 65. GENIVS EXERCI (Genius stg l., holding patera and cornucopia) B1 - -//- 48 659 1 66. MARS VLTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and trophy) D2 - -//- 66 669 1 67. MARS VLTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and trophy) A1 - H//- 66 671 1 68. MARS VLTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and trophy) B1 - H//- 66 672 1 69. IOVI VICTORI (Jupiter stg l., holding thunderbolt and sceptre) B1 - -//- 54 676 1 70. IOVI VICTORI (Jupiter stg l., holding thunderbolt and sceptre) D2 - -//- 54 677 2 71. FIDES EXERCI (Fides stg with head l. or r., holding vertical and transverse standards) D2 - -//- 34/6 695 1 72. PROVIDENT AVG (Providentia stg l. leaning on column, holding wand over globe and cornucopia) A1 - -//- 91 704 1 Series 2-3 (39): IMP [C] CLAVDIVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby Qty 73. VICTORIA AVG (Victory stg l., holding up wreath and shouldering palm) A1 - -//- cf.104/5 712 3 74. FELICITAS AVG (Felicitas stg l., holding long caduceus and cornucopia) A1 - B//- cf.32/3 726 1 75. ANNONA AVG (Annona stg l., holding corn-ears over prow and holding cornucopia) B1 - -//- 18/19 736 1 76. ANNONA AVG (Annona stg l., holding corn-ears over prow and holding cornucopia) B1 - Δ//- 18/19 739 2 77. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus stg l., holding branch and spear) B1 - -//- 109/10 742 1 78. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus stg l., holding branch and spear) B1/Z - ε//- 109/10 749 2 79. AEQVITAS AVG (Aequitas stg l., holding scales and cornucopia) B1 - -//- 14/15 751 2 80. AEQVITAS AVG (Aequitas stg l., holding scales and cornucopia) Z - -//- 14/15 754 1 81. AEQVITAS AVG (Aequitas stg l., holding scales and cornucopia) A1 - S//- 14/15 755 1 82. GENIVS EXERCI (Genius stg l., holding patera and cornucopia) Z - -//- 48/9 762 2 83. GENIVS EXERCI (Genius stg l., holding patera and cornucopia) A1 - Z//- 48/9 763 2 84. GENIVS EXERCI (Genius stg l., holding patera and cornucopia) B1 - Z//- 48/9 764 2 85. MARS VLTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and trophy) A1 - -//- 66/7 766 1 86. MARS VLTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and trophy) B1 - -//- 66/7 767 1 87. MARS VLTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and trophy) B1 - H//- 66/7 772 1 88. IOVI VICTORI (Jupiter stg l., holding thunderbolt and sceptre) Z - -//- 54/5 777 2 89. IOVI VICTORI (Jupiter stg l., holding thunderbolt and sceptre) A1/Z - N//- 54/5 779 3 90. LIBERT AVG (Libertas stg l., holding pileus and sceptre) B1/Z - -//- 62/3 784 3 91. LIBERT AVG (Libertas stg l., holding pileus and sceptre) B1 - X//- 62/3 787 1 92. FIDES EXERCI (Fides stg with head l. or r., holding vertical and transverse standards) B1 - -//- 34/6 792-3 3 93. PROVIDENT AVG (Providentia stg l., holding wand over globe and cornucopia) B1 - XII//- 91/2 806 1 94. PROVIDENT AVG (Providentia stg l., holding wand over globe and cornucopia) A1 - XII//- 91/2 809 3 Series 3 (7): IMP CLAVDIVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby Qty 95. ANNONA AVG (Annona stg l., holding corn-ears over prow and holding cornucopia) B1 - Δ//- 18/19 844 2 96. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus stg l., holding branch and spear) A1 - ε//- 110 850 1 97. AEQVITAS AVG (Aequitas stg l., holding scales and cornucopia) A1/Z - -//- 15 852 2 98. IOVI VICTORI (Jupiter stg l., holding thunderbolt and sceptre) B1 - N//- 55 878 2 Series 4 (1): IMP CLAVDIVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby. Qty 99. APOLLINI CONS (Apollo stg l., holding branch and resting hand on lyre) A1 - -//H 22 962 1 Milan (7)Series 1 (3): IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby. Qty 100. SPES PVBLICA (Spes adv. l., holding up flower and hitching skirt) D2 - -//P 168 1004/5 1 101. FELIC TE(M/N)PO (Felicitas stg l., holding caduceus and sceptre) D2 - -//T 145 1014 1 102. FELIC TE(M/N)PO (Felicitas stg l., holding caduceus and sceptre) D2 - -//[T] 145 cf.1014 1 Series 2 (4): IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby. Qty 103. FIDES MILIT (Fides stg l. holding two standards) D2 - -//[S] 149 1026 2 104. VIRTVS AVG (Mars adv. r., holding spear and trophy) D2 - -//P 172 1020 1 105. PAX AVG (Pax standing l., holding branch and sceptre) D2 - -//P 156 1039 1 Siscia (9)Series 2, large hds. (2): IMP CLAVDIVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Nby. Cu. Qty 106. ANNONA AVG (Annona stg l., holding corn-ears over modius and holding cornucopia) D2 - -//- 1062 2282 1 107. PAX AVG (Pax stg l., holding branch and sceptre) D2 - II//- 1066 2285 1 Series 3, compact hds. (7): IMP CLAVDIVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Nby. Cu. Qty 108. PAX AVG (Pax stg l., holding branch and sceptre) B1 II -//- 1079 2300 2 109. PAX AVG (Pax stg l., holding branch and sceptre) B1 - -//- 1094 2306 1 110. PROVIDEN AVG (Providentia stg l., holding wand over globe and cornucopia) B1 - -//- 1095 - 1 111. SPES AVG (Spes stg l., holding flower and hitching skirt) B1 - -//- 1096 - 1 112. LAETITIA AVG (Laetitia stg l., holding wreath and cornucopia) B1 - I//- 1074 2288 1 113. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus stg l., resting on shield and holding spear) B1 * II//- 1090 2302 1 Uncertain mint (3)Obv. (3): ] CLAVDIVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby Qty 114. uncertain fig. B1 ??//? ? ? 1 115. uncertain fig. Z ??//? ? ? 2 DIVUS CLAUDIUS II (15)Rome (15)Obv. (15): DIVO CLAVDIO No. Reverse Bust RIC V Nby. Qty 116. CONSECRATIO (Altar with dotted panels) A1/Z 261 1110/1 6 117. CONSECRATIO (Altar with swagged panel) A1/Z 261 1113 1 118. CONSECRATIO (Eagle with head turned back r.) A1/Z 266 1115 7 119. [LI]BER[T A]VG (Libertas stg. l., holding pileus and rod) A1 279 1125 1 QUINTILLUS (2)Rome (2)Series 1(2): IMP C M AVR CL QVINTILLVS AVG No. Reverse Bust m.-m. RIC V Nby Qty 120. FIDES MILITVM (Fides stg l., holding standard and sceptre) Z - ε//- 18 1167 1 121. LAETITIA AVG (Laetitia stg l., holding wreath and anchor) Z - X[II]//- 22 cf. 1203 1 AURELIAN (7)Rome (2)Series 5 (2): IMP AVRELIANVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 122. ORIENS AVG (Sol stg. l. facing pleading captive reclining r.) - -//V B1 217 - 1 123. ORIENS AVG (Sol stepping l. on captive std. l. on ground) - -//V B1 270 - 1 Milan (3)Series 2 (1): IMP AVRELIANVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 124. VICTORIA AVG (Victory adv. r., shouldering palm and holding wreath) - -//T D1 1778 143 1 Series 3 (1): IMP AVRELIANVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 125. ROMAE AETERNAE (Emperor stg. r. receiving Victory from Roma std. l.) - -//Q B1 2941 142 1 Series 4 (1): IMP AVRELIANVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 126. IOVI CONSER (Emperor stg. r. facing Jupiter stg. l.) - -//P B1 3441 129 1 Siscia (1)Series 5 (1): IMP AVRELIANVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 127. IOVI CONSER (Emperor stg. r. facing Jupiter stg. l.) - -//*P B1 6448 225 1 Cyzicus (1)Series 7 (1): IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 128. RESTITVTOR ORBIS (Orbis stg. l., offering wreath to emperor stg. l.; pleading captive between them) - -//*A B1 10291 349 1 TACITUS (5)Lyon (1)Series 5 (1): IMP CL TACITVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust Bastien RIC V Qty 129. MARS VICTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and shouldering trophy) B A//- D1 79 30 1 Rome (2)Series 2 (1): IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 130. LAETITIA FVND (Laetitia stg. l., holding wreath and anchor) XXIB D1 59 89 1 Series 3, new portrait style (1): IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 131. SALVS AVG (Salus stg. l., feeding snake rising from altar and holding sceptre) XXIΔ D1 619 - 1 Ticinum (2)Series 1 (1): IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 132. SECVRIT PERP (Securitas stg. l., resting on column with hand on head) - -//Ч D1 1455 163 1 Series 2, new portrait style (1): IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust LV RIC V Qty 133. PAX AVGVSTI (Pax stg. l., holding branch and transverse secptre) - -//P B1 1489 150 1 FLORIAN (1)Lyon (1)Series 2 (): IMP C M AN FLORIANVS P F AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust Bastien RIC V Qty 134. VIRTVS AVGVSTI (Virtus adv. r., holding spear and shouldering trophy) II D1 136 14 1 PROBUS (9)Lyon (6)Series 4 (2): IMP C PROBVS•P•F•AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust Bastien RIC V Qty 135. [MARS VI]CTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and shouldering trophy) - -// II Z cf.190 cf.38 1 136. MARS VICTOR (Mars adv. r., holding spear and shouldering trophy) - -// ? B1 190/4 38 1 Series 6 (1): IMP C PROBVS•P•F•AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust Bastien RIC V Qty 137. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus stg. l., holding spear and shield by side) - -// IIII B1 298 112 1 Series 7 (1): IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG No. Reverse m.-m. Bust Bastien RIC V Qty 138. FELICIT TEMP (Felicitas stg. l., holding caduceus and sceptre) - -// II D2 346 74 1 Series 9 (2): IMP C PROBVS•P•F•AVG