The Fourth King of Hell
Cleveland Museum of Art

The Fourth King of Hell

late 1300s

Hanging scroll; ink, color, and gold ink on silk
CC0 — Public Domain
Cleveland Museum of Art

As the concept of salvation became increasingly more emphasized in Buddhist schools in medieval East Asia, the gruesome depiction of various hells was given an important role: to promote Buddhist ethics. In the Buddhist infernal otherworld, the Ten Kings of Hell serve as judges of the deceased to determine their fates, including the type and severity of punishment.

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